Andreas Steenpass

• This thesis, whose subject is located in the field of algorithmic commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to parallelization, a technique which allows us to take advantage of the computational power of modern multicore processors. First, we present parallel algorithms for the normalization of a reduced affine algebra A over a perfect field. Starting from the algorithm of Greuel, Laplagne, and Seelisch, we propose two approaches. For the local-to-global approach, we stratify the singular locus Sing(A) of A, compute the normalization locally at each stratum and finally reconstruct the normalization of A from the local results. For the second approach, we apply modular methods to both the global and the local-to-global normalization algorithm. Second, we propose a parallel version of the algorithm of Gianni, Trager, and Zacharias for primary decomposition. For the parallelization of this algorithm, we use modular methods for the computationally hardest steps, such as for the computation of the associated prime ideals in the zero-dimensional case and for the standard bases computations. We then apply an innovative fast method to verify that the result is indeed a primary decomposition of the input ideal. This allows us to skip the verification step at each of the intermediate modular computations. The proposed parallel algorithms are implemented in the open-source computer algebra system SINGULAR. The implementation is based on SINGULAR's new parallel framework which has been developed as part of this thesis and which is specifically designed for applications in mathematical research. In the second part, we propose new algorithms for the computation of syzygies, based on an in-depth analysis of Schreyer's algorithm. Here, the main ideas are that we may leave out so-called "lower order terms" which do not contribute to the result of the algorithm, that we do not need to order the terms of certain module elements which occur at intermediate steps, and that some partial results can be cached and reused. Finally, the third part deals with the algorithmic classification of singularities over the real numbers. First, we present a real version of the Splitting Lemma and, based on the classification theorems of Arnold, algorithms for the classification of the simple real singularities. In addition to the algorithms, we also provide insights into how real and complex singularities are related geometrically. Second, we explicitly describe the structure of the equivalence classes of the unimodal real singularities of corank 2. We prove that the equivalences are given by automorphisms of a certain shape. Based on this theorem, we explain in detail how the structure of the equivalence classes can be computed using SINGULAR and present the results in concise form. The probably most surprising outcome is that the real singularity type \(J_{10}^-\) is actually redundant.