Šandor Dalecke

• New systems are becoming ever more complex and interconnected. To develop these systems the expertise and collaboration of many stakeholders, including domain experts and systems engineers, is required. Usually these domain experts are not familiar with systems engineering, which is especially true with the adoption of the model-based systems engineering. In order to identify systems engineering issues and importance of requested features this thesis presents data gathered from two surveys which have been conducted. The first survey had participants who were students of the RPTU Kaiserslautern with no prior systems engineering experience. This survey was used to review SysML, SysML v2 and SysMD on their entry bar and as how intuitive these modelling languages are experienced. The key insights of this survey were the need for simplification of modelling syntax and the clear preference for graphical model representations for visualisation and understanding a model and the preference towards a textual representation in order to create and extend a model. The second survey was shared with members of the Object Management Group and the International Council on Systems Engineering. The goal of this survey was to identify key issues of systems engineering. The study had participants from different levels of system engineering experience, making it possible to identify indicative trends on different needs depending on the experience. As expected the professional level participants perceive systems engineering as easier to get into than beginners. This survey supports the results from other studies while focusing on an individual level and participants from a variety of systems engineering expertise. In addition, the survey indicates a need for simplification of syntax of modelling languages and tools for model verification and validation. To reduce the entry bar of systems engineering and enhance collaboration the notion of inclusive systems engineering is introduced as a means to make systems engineering more accessible. This extends systems engineering towards being more accessible for domain experts by focusing on a user-centric design and proposes the adoption of features aimed at user guidance, providing tool accessibility and features focused on enhancing the accessibility of the systems engineering process. The notion of user guidance as a means to enhance systems engineering is discussed in more detail, giving an introduction into human decision making and reviewing common user influencing techniques.